TQAS BIOLOGY Essay - 6628 Words

0708-AS Biology Revision Top Priority Questions AS BIOLOGY TOP 60 QUESTIONS Chapter 1 1- Fig.1.1 is an electron micrograph of a mesophyll cell from a leaf. 1.5ÃŽ ¼m Fig.1.1 (a) Calculate the magnification of Fig.1.1. Show your working and express your answer to the nearest whole number. (b) Identify, by using the letters A to D, a part of the cell shown in Fig. 1.1 where the following substances are located. A chlorophyll B cellulose C DNA D phospholipid (c) State three ways in which the structure of a red blood cell differs from the structure of the cell shown in Fig.1.1. 1 0708-AS Biology Revision Top Priority Questions 2 2- Fig.1.2 is a diagram of a bacterium. Fig.1.2 (a) Name structures Q to S. (b) State the names of three†¦show more content†¦(b) ÃŽ ² globin has a tertiary structure that consists of eight helices arranged to give a precise three-dimensional shape. Describe how the precise three-dimensional shape of a polypeptide is maintained. 9- Starch grains in plant cells contain both amylose and amylopectin. Explain how both of these substances are formed from glucose in plant cells. 7 0708-AS Biology Revision Top Priority Questions 8 Chapter 3 1- A student investigated the activity of catalase by measuring the release of oxygen from hydrogen peroxide. The reaction occurs as follows. 2 H2O2 2 H2O + O2 The student used a solution of catalase that was mixed with a 5% hydrogen peroxide solution and placed in the apparatus shown in Fig. 3.1. The total volume of gas collected was recorded every 15 seconds. The results are shown in Fig. 3.2. Fig.3.1 Fig.3.2 (a) Explain why the total volume of gas collected after 210 seconds remains constant. Catalase and hydrogen peroxide were kept separately at 10  °C for 30 minutes before they were added together. The reaction mixture was then kept at 10  °C. (b) Sketch, on Fig. 3.2, the results you would expect when the experiment was repeated at 10  °C. 0708-AS Biology Revision Top Priority Questions 9 (c) Describe and explain the results you would expect if the catalase solution was pretreated by being kept in a water bath at 70  °C before being added to the hydrogen peroxide. (d) Explain how you would use this apparatus

Symbolic Interactionism, By George Herbert Mead And...

Symbolic interactionism is a sociological perspective that is influential in many areas of the sociological discipline. It is particularly important in microsociology and social psychology. Symbolic interactionism is derived from American pragmatism and particularly from the work of George Herbert Mead. Herbert Blumer, a student and interpreter of Mead, coined the term symbolic interactionism and put forward an influential summary of the perspective: people act toward things based on the meaning those things have for them, and these meanings are derived from social interaction and modified through interpretation. Sociologists working in this tradition have researched a wide range of topics using a variety of research methods. However, the majority of interactionist research uses qualitative research methods, like participant observation, to study aspects of social interaction and/or individuals selves. History Symbolic interaction was invented by George Herbert Mead and Charles Horton Cooley. Mead argued that people s selves are social products, but that these selves are also purposive and creative, and believed that the true test of any theory was that it was useful in solving complex social problems . Mead’s influence on symbolic interactionism was said to be so powerful that other sociologists regard him as the one â€Å"true founder† of the symbolic interactionism tradition. Although Mead taught in a philosophy department, he is best known by sociologists as theShow MoreRelatedCharles Horton Cooley s Concept Of The Looking Glass Self870 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1902, Charles Horton Cooley fashioned the concept of the looking-glass ‘self,’ this concept was researched to learn how identity is shaped. The authors concluded that people shape their identity based on the perception of how they think others view them. Three ideas comprise the looking-glass ‘s elf’: First, we see in our mind’s eye how we appear to others, second we imagine their judgment of how we appear to them, and third we develop our ‘self’ (our own identity) receiving the judgments fromRead MoreWhat I Have Learned From A Social Theory Class1240 Words   |  5 PagesMead Cooley In this sociology paper I will present what I have learned from this social theory class. We learned about many miraculous theorists such as Karl Marx, Auguste Comete, Herb Spencer, Emile Durkheim and many more theorists. I will present what I have learned by comparing and contrasting George Herbert Mead and Charles Horton Cooley. This paper will examine what both of these great theorists studied, some of their background info and theory. George Herbert Mead George Herbert MeadRead MoreSymbolic Interactionism2313 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿Sociology 10 Professor Arkadie Symbolic Interaction Perspective There are several sociological perspectives including functionalism, conflict, social exchange, and sociological imagination. The one that will be talked about within this paper is called symbolic interaction. Symbolic interaction does not focus on social structure like other sociological perspectives do, symbolic interaction is based on small, mostly person to person ideas and perspectives on what symbols mean between peopleRead MoreEffects of Online Dating on Society 1875 Words   |  8 Pagesthat fall into the category of fitting many subjects are Symbolic Interactionism and Functionalism. The theorist who studied these particular theories allowed for them to be used with many different subjects. The theory of Symbolic Interactionism was studied by theorists such as George Mead, with the help of his student and interpreter Herbert Blumer, and George Cooley. While all of these theorists focused on the study of Symbolic Interaction, they all had something specific to add toRead MoreThe Theory Of Self By George Herbert Mead Essay1439 Words   |  6 Pagestheories on it. First of all, I will be introducing a famous and important sociologist called â€Å"George Herbert Mead† who is also a significant name when it comes to talking about â€Å"symbolic interactionism† (Scott 2009:23). His work on the nature of the â€Å"self† introduces two sub-concepts of self: â€Å"Me† and â€Å"I† and their system interactions to balance the â€Å"self† out (ibid). Following Mead and his theory, Charles Cooley developed the concept â€Å"looking-glass self† which explains how individuals understand theirRead MoreSymbolic Interaction T heory By George Herbert Mead1122 Words   |  5 PagesSymbolic interaction theory emerged in the early 1900s and is still one of the more frequently used theories in the family studies (Smith Hamon, 2012). The theory assumes that people have different interpretations of situations due to their personal experiences (Smith Hamon, 2012). By looking at the behaviors of individuals, symbolic interaction theory explains how multiple people have different reactions to the same situation (Smith Hamon, 2012). Four principal scholars explored the symbolicRead MoreThe Theory Of Human Actions, Decisions, Behavior, And Other External Elements Essay967 Words   |  4 PagesEarly sociologists, instrumental in the development of sociology’s three foundational theories, --George Herbert Meade, Charles Horton Cooley, Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, Emile Durkheim, and Karl Marx-- established the framework of symbolic interactionism, functionalism, and conflict theory. Each played key roles in establishing the levels and focuses of analysis that are used in applying the three theoretical perspectives to the study of human actions, decisions, behavior, and other externalRead MoreExample Of The Three Theoretical Perspectives Of Sociology1044 Words   |  5 Pages Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology Nanesha Greathouse HCC Abstract This paper describes the three major theoretical perspectives in Sociology: symbolic interactionism, functionalism and conflict theory. Sociologists developed these theoretical perspectives to help explain the way individuals conduct themselves and to help us to gain a better understanding of the world around us. Throughout this paper, the reader will learn about each perspective and its origin as well as additionalRead More3 sociological perspectives2003 Words   |  9 Pagesthat act as ways to view our lives. Symbolic Interactionism , Functional Analysis, and Conflict Theory. All of which are centered around the people they derived from who are : George Herbert Mead, Charles Horton Cooley, Robert Merton and Karl Marx. With these theories being a major part of sociology, the research that is collected to study the people in these societies should be looked at as a whole ,for, sociology comes in many forms. Symbolic Interactionism is the idea that one puts meaning toRead MoreSymbolic Interactionism, By Herbert Mead And Charles Horton Cooley1512 Words   |  7 PagesSymbolic interactionism is one of the four major theoretical perspectives in sociology. It is particularly influential in microsociology, which makes this view of social behavior unique from the other three major perspectives that focus on large scale social organizations (Buccieri, September 11 2014). I believe symbolic interactionism is the most appropriate method for studying sociology based on my experience with a brother with Autism Spectrum Disorder. The theory of socialization within symbolic

Composer Paper free essay sample

The composer I chose is Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart for my composer report. The reason I chose this composer is because his life was very interesting to me. I learned things that didnt know about him until we read about him In class. HIS life was so interesting that someone wrote a movie about him and several books have been written about his life and work as well. His work has made a lasting impression on the world and our society. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was brought into this world on January 27, 1756 by his parents Leopold Mozart and Anna Marl Pertly In Salisbury, Austria.Mozart was the last to be born out of seven children, but unfortunately he and his older sister, Maria Anna, were the only two who survived in birth. Mozart father was a successful composer and violinist. With his father being musically inclined he and his sister caught on to the feel of music quickly. We will write a custom essay sample on Composer Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Both Mozart and his sister had God- given genius when It came to music. Their music education began at a young age. His sister was a gifted piano player by getting lessons from her father and Mozart learned how to play the piano as well by listening to Marias lessons, he also learned the violin by his father.Mozart accomplished these greats by the age of six and at that same age he and his family went on a concert tour. Mozart, his father, and his sister were on this tour together and at the end of their tour the family worked for an archbishops concert. Mozart wanted to escape from the archbishop but couldnt leave. His family went to Vienna and there was where he could finally be free from the archbishop. He moved to Vienna and instantly became a success. Mozart went on tour with his mother and later met a man, Fourfold Weber, and his starters, Alias, Constance, Sophie, and Josephs.Alias was a singer at the opera and she had a beautiful voice and had a natural sense of music. When Mozart saw Alias, who was 15, he Instantly fell In love with her and vowed to write arias that will make her famous. After he made that vow Anna Marie, his mother, became ill and It grew worse until July 3, 1778, when she passed away. Mozart later found out that Alias became famous and she ended all communication with him. After this ordeal to show his love for his crush it caused the family to go into debt. Mozart was forced o accept a position under the Archbishop to relieve the debt.Shortly In November of 1 780 he was asked to write an opera for the Munich carnival and he left his job at the Archbishop to write it. He was gone too long so they fired him. He later moved into the Weber familys house. His father didnt approve Mozart living quarters and wanted him to move out but something was stopping him from doing that the younger sister of Alias, Constance Maria Weber, stolen Mozart heart and he fell deeply in love with her. Constance was a singer like her sisters but was did not come famous like Alias because she was far from a diva.He found Joy in the love he had with Constance and they married In August 1782. In the later centuries people have called Constance mindless, a sex kitten, and a murderess. Despite all of these assumptions the only person that really knows how Constance was as a wife is 1 OFF having children like Mozart parents. The couple had six children but only two have survived after birth, two sons Karl Thomas and Franz Xavier Wolfgang. Mozart was ere ill in the year 1791 and later died in Vienna on December 5, 1791 at the age of hairy- five.He became ill so quickly that rumors started spreading that he was poisoned until a physician analyzed Mozart body and concluded that he died of heart failure caused by rheumatic fever and excessive bleeding. He was buried in a paupers mass grave along with other peoples bodies nobody knows where his body is now. Mozart had a short life and within his short life he managed to write 41 symphonies, 21 concertos, 13 serenades, 23 divertimento, 35 sonatas, and 12 duets. Nothing that one short lifespan Mozart had time to write and compose all of those pieces of music.He started his early work at the age of six when he wrote his first symphony. He wrote different symphonies for different instruments like the piano, Olin, French horn, clarinet, and bassoon. The orchestra was the main music group he wrote for. His music was sometimes accepted by society in different phases. When he wrote a new symphony it became popular but it wasnt memorable so the symphony stayed at the arena. Unfortunately, it took his death to make his music famous and popular. His wife continued to fight for his music to be in society and also other artists used is music as an influence for their work.Countless of composers and performers have played his symphonies and has given him credit for his masterpieces. In the 21st century his work is still being played and appreciated by countless orchestras and composers. Mozart will always be in music no matter Nat century and time. The new generation needs to be introduced Classical music ranging from Mozart to Beethoven. This kind of music can help expand a persons mind and cultural because of the way it was composed. I personally never paid attention to Mozart and all of the other famous composers until I took music appreciation in college.

Hamlet Soliloquy Reflection Essay Example

Hamlet Soliloquy Reflection Paper Hamlet, is a classic play still read throughout the world to this day. Starring the character Hamlet, and the royal family of Denmark, the play includes everything from murder, betrayal, Incest, love and turmoil. Shakespeare Is renowned for his writing, in Hamlet specifically the seven soliloquies. Soliloquies are monologue type speeches spoken by Hamlet generally and give the sense of the situation and feelings of Hamlet at the time. After carefully annotating the seven soliloquies, one can see the different states of mind, situations and characterizations of Hamlet. The deader can relate to the feelings Hamlet experiences regardless of the fact most readers have never been In situations as extreme as Hamlet. In the first soliloquy titled, O that this too too sullied flesh would . 2), Hamlet speaks about his fathers death and how he is feeling about his mothers new relationship with his Uncle. Like Im sure anyone in his situation would feel Hamlet seems to be unsure. He loves his mother dearly and only wishes her happiness, but the fact she married her dead husbands brother less then two months following his fathers death worries Hamlet. We will write a custom essay sample on Hamlet Soliloquy Reflection specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Hamlet Soliloquy Reflection specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Hamlet Soliloquy Reflection specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer For myself personally, I have never experienced meeting like my parents divorcing or dying. However, to an extent I can relate because I can see from his point of view how awkward the situation is. I can relate in the aspect however of grief. Less than two months after his fathers untimely death, Hamlet still mourns his loss. However, Hamlet is crudely advised by his mother to Just get over it. She hopes that he can move on and I can relate to that. It Is hard to relate to a parent dying to breaking up with someone, but on a much smaller scale It seems very similar. Last year after I had a year relationship end, I was heartbroken, however he situation only became worse when after a few weeks; I felt a lot of pressure from my friends to just get over the situation. To put it like Shakespeare I am not a beast and I need time to mourn situations like these, time heals all wounds. The second soliloquy Is In Act 1, Scene 5 and Is again a monologue by Hamlet. The section Immediately follows the return of the newly dead king In the form of a split or ghost. This particular passage demonstrated the several emotions Hamlet was experiencing in this state of turmoil. The situation surrounding his fathers death has omen to light and Hamlet is faced with a decision of believing the ghost and avenging his fathers murder or forgetting the ghost ever spoke to him at all and sparing his uncle his life. Although I have never had to (seriously) debate killing someone I can certainly relate to the distress of having no Idea what to do In certain situations and contemplating a decision for hours before making one. Life Is full of compromises and I dont believe there is anyone out there who cant relate to having trouble making an important decision at least once in their lifetime that will have enormous mummifications for everyone around them. Whether it be, should I avenge my fathers murder and kill my uncle or something like should I stop being friends with someone or try and forgive them. These decisions could prove to haunt you In your future or your family as well as prove to be Instrumental In deciding your future character and The third soliloquy happens in Act 2 Scene 2. Hamlet at this point has decided he wants to avenge his fathers death and kill Claudia, but is having trouble and is getting frustrated at the fact that he cant plan and execute the killing as decisively as is father would have wanted. Hamlet is an interesting character because in no way is he either a hero or a villain. He has only the best intentions but regardless he still becomes determined to kill other. Regardless of what he does to convince himself to kill his uncle he cant and deep down I believe that shows that Hamlet truly is a moral person. Both Hamlet and myself are not perfect people. Neither of us are horrible people either, we strive to be the best and most responsible person we can possibly be and I think that is what makes his character so historically and emotionally appealing. In most literature you can see your protagonist as a clean-cut good guy. The fact that Hamlet breaks that stereotype and makes some decisions that many would see as immoral, makes the book that much more interesting. The Fourth of Shakespeare soliloquies begins with To be, or no to be: that is the question. As probably one of the most famous lines of the play, it truly is a great philosophical question about the decisions we make everyday. The quote itself found in act 3 scene 1 accurately describes Hamlets state of mind throughout the scene. Hamlet strongly debates the meaning of his existence at this point in time and whether it would be easier if he Just didnt exist, or if he were to commit suicide if that would simplify everything. Torn between making a decision, he decides he is a coward and that is why he cant kill himself. This whole concept is fairly relatable to the reader because, of course, sometimes its easier to Just want to disappear or die rather then face with the worlds challenges. However, like Hamlet discovers he must keep living because there is a purpose to his life we each resolve to plod on each day attempting to resolve or conflicts and struggles. The following two soliloquies come from the same section(3. 3). In this scene Hamlet definitively decides how he will handle the situation. First by addressing his mother in a cruel, not unnatural way about the situation and second by plotting the murder of his uncle Claudia. In the pursuit of vengeance Hamlet, postpones his killing until after he is done praying, so that rather than go to heaven his uncle can suffer as much as possible for what he has done. Vengeance is a strong emotion and everyone fantasize what it would be like to even the score once in a while, but as Hamlet will later learn, what goes around comes around. The last Hamlet soliloquy is the final act of vengeance for Hamlet. In an epic dual with his uncle, not only does he fatally wound Claudia, but also tragically himself. In the process his mother, the queen also becomes poisoned and essentially the entire royal family dies. At this point Hamlet sees the cost of vengeance. It is a moral we can all relate. For as it seems attractive to aggressively pursue an emotionally satisfying path to rectify a wrong, however, those paths often lead to repercussions one couldnt possibly imagine.

Definition And History Of Foster Care Social Work Essay Essay Example

Definition And History Of Foster Care Social Work Essay Essay New World Enclopedia ( 2012 ) defines surrogate attention as full-time replacement attention of kids outside their ain place by people other than their biological or adoptive parents or legal defenders. ] History of Foster attention Placement of kids in surrogate places is a construct which goes as far back as the Old Testament, which refers to caring for dependent kids as a responsibility under jurisprudence. Early Christian church records indicate orphaned kids lived with widows who were paid by the church. English Poor Laws in the 1500s allowed the arrangement of hapless kids into apprenticed service until they became grownups. This pattern was imported to the United States and was the beginning of puting kids into surrogate places. [ 1 ] We will write a custom essay sample on Definition And History Of Foster Care Social Work Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Definition And History Of Foster Care Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Definition And History Of Foster Care Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The most important record of fosterage was in 1853, a kid was removed from a workhouse in Cheshire and placed in a surrogate household under the legal attention of the local government.At the beginning of the 1900s merely orphaned or abandoned kids under the age of 11 old ages were fostered, and they had to hold a demanding psychological profile good adjusted, obedient and physically normal. Until World War II, Foster attention was recognized as a charitable service. Two of import events that pushed the province to look at the Foster attention system in a different angle was the first mass emptying of 1000000s of kids and so the decease of a kid in a Foster attention in 1945. In 1969 research was carried out on the Foster attention system and it was found that surrogate households required developing on how to cover with the Foster kids and do them make full secure in the arrangement. ( Jeune Guishard-Pine, 2007 ) Foster attention as a planetary construct Foster attention is likely the most widely practiced signifier of replacement attention for kids global, depending on the demands of the kid, the civilization and the system in topographic point. There are many different sorts of fosterage and definitions of foster attention vary internationally. It can be short -term, a affair of yearss, or a child whole childhood. A reappraisal of surrogate attention in Twenty-two states found considerable diverseness in the manner of fosterage in both defined and practised. ( Hannah Johnson, 2005 ) .Kinship Foster attention, which is the most common signifier of furthering in African states is non defined as foster attention in all states. In Ireland for illustration merely kids placed with no relations are said to be fostered . In some states foster attention is seen merely as a impermanent agreement, whereas in others the norms is for long term and quasi adoptive arrangement. ( Colton A ; William,1995 ) Hannah Johnson ( 2005 ) stated that the procedure to be registered as surrogate parents in different states such as U.K, Australia, Uganda and South Africa is practically the same. In some states foster attention programme is managed either by the authorities or bureau, and each state has their basic standards that need to be fulfilled, such as being physically and mentally fit and healthy, holding a room for the kid, holding clip to pass with the kid.The procedure to be registered as surrogate households can take about six months. Persons who are willing to go surrogate households must do their applications to the bureau. A place survey is conducted by a societal worker to measure the capableness of the appliers for taking attention of a kid. The assessment signifier is so forwarded to the concluding panel who will make up ones mind whether the appliers are fit to go surrogate carers. Placement in Foster attention Harmonizing to zuravin A ; Deponfilis ( 1997 ) kids are removed from their places to protect them from immediate maltreatments. In many state of affairss, these kids have suffered physical, sexual maltreatment, or disregard at place, and therefore they are placed in a safe environment. A little per centum of kids are in surrogate attention because their parents experience unable to command them, and their behavior may hold led to delinquency or fright of injury to others. Some kids have been neglected by their parents or legal defenders, or have parents or legal defenders who are unable to take attention of them because of substance maltreatment, captivity, or mental wellness jobs. These kids are so placed into surrogate attention until the parents or defenders are capable of looking after them. [ 1 ] In all Foster attention instances, the kid s biological or adoptive parents, or other legal defenders, temporarily give up legal detention of the kid. ( The defender gives up detention, but non needfully legal care. ) A kid may be placed in surrogate attention with the parents consent. In a clear instance of maltreatment or disregard, a tribunal can order a kid into surrogate attention without the parents or defenders consent. Before any arrangement the Foster attention household is screened by the Government or bureau through a psychologist or societal worker that assess the Foster attention households under certain standards such as emotional stableness, motive, parental accomplishments and fiscal capablenesss. [ 2 ] The authorities provides surrogate households with an allotment taking in surrogate kids. They are required to utilize the financess to purchase the kid s nutrient, vesture, school supplies, and other minor expenses. Most of the surrogate parent s duties toward the Foster kid are clearly defined in a legal contract. Foster arrangements may last for a individual twenty-four hours or several hebdomads ; some continue for old ages. If the parents give up their rights for good, or their rights to their kid are severed by the tribunal, the surrogate household may follow the Foster kid or the kid may be placed for acceptance by aliens. [ 3 ] The Aim of Foster Care System Harmonizing to Hayden ( 1999 ) , the purpose of Foster attention system is to protect and back the security of the kid, while supplying surrogate parents and biological parents with the sufficient resources and available services needed to keep the kid s healthy development. Foster attention environments are proposed to be topographic points of safety and comfort, and are monitored by several public assistance bureaus, representatives, and social workers. Personal social workers assigned to a Foster kid by the province or county are accountable for oversing the arrangement of the kid into an appropriate Foster attention system or place. The social worker besides carries out regular visits to the Foster attention household place to supervise advancement. Other agents involved in a kid s arrangement into surrogate attention may include private service suppliers, public assistance bureaus, insurance agents, psychologists, and substance maltreatment counsellors. Types of Foster Care Parents may voluntarily put kids into Foster attention for assorted grounds. Such surrogate arrangements are monitored until the biological household can supply appropriate attention for the kid, or the biological parental rights are terminated and the kid is adopted. A 3rd option, known as care, is sometimes utilised in certain instances where a kid can non be reunified with their birth household and acceptance is non a suited solution. This by and large includes some older surrogate kids who may be strongly bonded to their household of beginning and unwilling to prosecute acceptance. Voluntary Foster attention may be utilized in fortunes where a parent is unable or unwilling to care for a kid ; a kid may hold behavioral or psychological jobs necessitating specialised intervention, or the parent might hold a job which consequences in a impermanent or lasting inability to care for the kid. Involuntary Foster attention is implemented when a kid is removed from their health professional for his or her ain personal safety. A surrogate parent receives pecuniary reimbursement from the arrangement bureau for each Foster kid while the kid is in his or her place to assist cover the cost of run intoing the kid s demands ( Dorsey et al 2008 ) stated that in many states, most of the kids enter the Foster attention system due to pretermit. Children may fall in the Foster attention system via Voluntary or nonvoluntary agencies. Voluntary arrangement may go on when the biological parents are confronting troubles to take attention of the kid. Involuntary arrangement occurs when the kid is being at hazard under the attention of the biological parents. Adoption and Foster Care Reporting System recorded, different types of furthering such as: ( I ) Foster household place, comparative A accredited or unaccredited place of the kid s relations regarded by the province as a Foster attention populating agreement for the kid. ( two ) Foster household place, non-relative A accredited Foster household place regarded by the province as a Foster attention populating agreement. ( three ) Group place or Institution A group place is a accredited or approved place supplying 24-hour attention for kids in a little group puting that by and large has from 7 to twelve kids. An Institution is a installation operated by a public or private bureau and supplying 24-hour attention and/or intervention for kids who require separation from their ain places and group populating experience. These installations may include kid attention establishments, residential intervention installations, or pregnancy places. Problems in Foster Care System [ 1 ] Foster kids face a figure of jobs both within and outside the Foster attention system. Foster kids are more vulnerable to pretermit, maltreatment, household disfunction, poorness, and terrible psychological conditions. The injury caused to a kid when removed from their place is besides terrible and may do depression, choler, and confusion. Surveies have shown that psychological conditions of abused and ignored kids are required to better when placed in surrogate attention, nevertheless the separation from their biological parents doing traumatic consequence on the kid. Children with histories of ill-treatment, such as physical and psychological disregard, physical maltreatment, and sexual maltreatment, are frequently at hazard of developing terrible psychiatric jobs and may be described as sing trauma-attachment jobs. The injury experienced may be the consequence of maltreatment or disregard, inflicted by a primary health professional, which disrupts the normal development of secure fond regard. Associated Problems with Foster Care Child In long term the Foster attention kids suffer from psychological, cognitive and epigenetic effects. The Northwest Foster Care Alumni Study on Foster attention kids showed that Foster attention kids, were found to hold dual the incidence of depression, and were found to hold a higher rate of post-traumatic emphasis upset ( PTSD ) than combat veterans. Tarren-Sweeny ( 2010 ) reported that Children in Foster attention have a higher chance of holding Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and shortages in executive operation, anxiousness every bit good as other developmental jobs. Neurodevelopmental Disorder A neurodevelopmental upset is an damage of the growing and development of the encephalon or cardinal nervous system. It refers to a encephalon upset of encephalon map that affects emotion, larning ability and memory and that unfolds as the single grows. Most Foster attention kids are placed in surrogate attention households at a really immature age which is a critical period for the kids as the development of mental and psychological procedures occur during early childhood. Harmonizing to kristen Rollins, the human encephalon does non develop to the full until the age of 25, and one of the most critical periods of encephalon development occurs in the first 3-4 old ages. Therefore, the human encephalon is influenced by negative environmental factors such as emotional disregard, hapless nutrition and exposure to force in the place and any type of maltreatments. The survey by McCrory E et Al ( 2010 ) states that the negative environmental factors influences all countries of neurodevelopment: neurogenesis ( creative activity of new nerve cells ) , programmed cell death ( decease and resorption of nerve cells ) , migration ( of nerve cells to different parts of the encephalon ) , synaptogenesis ( creative activity of synapses ) , synaptic sculpturing ( finding the makeup of the synapse ) , arborization ( the growing of dendritic connexions, myelinzation ( protective covering of nerve cells ) , and an expansion of the encephalon s ventricles, which can do cortical wasting including reduced activity of the prefrontal cerebral mantle. Harden BJ ( 2004 ) studies that Foster kids have elevated degrees of hydrocortisone, a emphasis endocrine in comparing to kids raised by their biological parents. Elevated hydrocortisone degrees can diminish the immune system. Post traumatic emphasis upset ( PTSD ) Harmonizing to Dubber ( 1999 ) 60 % of kids in surrogate attention who were sexually abused had post traumatic emphasis upset ( PTSD ) . 18 % of kids who were non abused faced PTSD merely by witnessing force at place. These kids so suffer from intrusive memories, flashbacks, turning away, and psychological and physiological responsiveness. Eating Disorders Eating upsets refer to a group of conditions defined by unnatural eating wonts that may affect either insufficient or excessive nutrient consumption to the hurt of an person s physical and mental wellness . Hudson, JI ; Hiripi, E ; Pope Jr, HG ; Kessler, RC ( 2007 ) . Harmonizing to Hadfield Sc ( 2008 ) , Obesity in all age groups of kids has become an increasing concern in recent old ages. Children in Foster attention are more prone to go fleshy and corpulent, and in a survey done in the United Kingdom, 35 % of surrogate kids experienced an addition in Body Mass Index ( BMI ) one time in attention. The kids besides suffer from Food Maintenance Syndrome which is a form of inordinate feeding and nutrient acquisition and care behavior without coincident obsesity. The syndrome is said to be caused by emphasis and ill-treatment of Foster attention kids. Tarren-Sweeney ( 2006 ) analyze provinces that kids in Foster attention besides suffer from Food Maintenance Syndrome which is characterized by a set of deviant eating behaviours of kids in Foster attention. It is a form of inordinate feeding and nutrient acquisition and care behaviours without coincident fleshiness ; it resembles the behavioural correlatives of Hyperphagic Short Stature . It is hypothesised that this syndrome is triggered by the emphasis and ill-treatment Foster kids are subjected to. Northwest Foster Care Alumini survey ( 2011 ) studies that Bulimina Nervosa is seven times more prevailing among former Foster kids than in general population. Epigenetic effects of environment Harmonizing to Weaver ( 2004 ) negative environmental influences, such as maternal want, kid maltreatment and emphasis have a profound consequence on cistron look, including transgenerational epigenetic effects in which physiological and behavioural ( rational ) transportation of information across generations-not-yet-conceived is effected. Neighh GN et Al ( 2009 ) states that the effects of maltreatment may be extended beyond the immediate victim into subsequent coevalss as a effect of epigenetic effects transmitted straight to offspring. Suicide -Death Rate Charles ( 1991 ) states Children in Foster attention households are at a greater hazard of self-destruction. Children from foster attention households as compared to general population have a hazard ratio of self-destructive efforts of four to five clip greater. A survey conducted in Finland have indicated that kids in Foster attention have a higher mortality rate compared to the general population due to incidence of ague and chronic medical conditions and developmental holds. ( Kalland M,2001 ) Academic Prospects Harmonizing to Neild Ruth et Al ( 2006 ) Foster attention kids tend to underperform academically with many neer finishing high school. The kids have low concentration in category and execute ill in tests. Very few kids attempt University and obtain a grade. Barriers in Foster attention System Timing in Placement Childs are more prone to see insecurity in the Foster place during the initial stage of arrangement, particularly in the first six to seven months. ( Mary Bruce Webb et Al, ( 2010 ) Peter J Pecora, James K. Whittaker et Al, ( 2010 ) suggest that older kids experience arrangement Stability during the initial stage compared to babies. In order to diminish the opportunities for arrangement break which kids usually experience during the initial stage of arrangement, it is recommended that kids develop trust and non experience lost in the system. Features of the Home ( Berridge A ; Cleaver, 1987 ) stated that kids have trouble to accommodate in surrogate place when they are placed with other kids who are approximately the same age or if they are placed in surrogate places where the Foster parents have kids of their ain. Foster Children placed with other kids may experience insecure and get down viing for fondness and mercenary objects finally this leads to struggles in the Foster attention household. Children s mental and behavioural wellness Harmonizing to J.Gavin Bremner A ; Theodore D.Wachs ( 2010 ) , Child behavior jobs is among the frequent ground that Foster parents request the remotion of a kid in their attention. Children over the age of four ( 4 ) are more prone to see placement instability due to behavioral jobs. ( Strijker, Zandberg, A ; van der Meulen, 2002 ) Foster Parent Characteristics Training and support for surrogate parents are of a paramount importance to avoid kids see break in their Foster homeFoster parents who have bigger support system such as extended household are more possible to supply a secure arrangement for the kid. . ( Walsh A ; Walsh 1990 ; Redding et al 2000 ) . Furthermore, surrogate parents who seize suited hope and understand causes and ground for a kid s behavior is prognostic of placement stableness. ( Butler A ; Charles 1999 ) Reding in the Foster Care System Definition of reding Reding frequently described as speaking therapy , is a procedure aimed at supplying clients with the clip and infinite to research their jobs, understand their jobs, and decide, or come to footings with their jobs, in a confidential scene. The Royal College ( 2006 a ) defines reding merely as a type of psychotherapeutics which helps people reference and decide their jobs and work through their feelings . ( Jan Sutton A ; William stewart,2008 ) Reding involves the development of a relationship between the client and a trained professional that focuses on the client s concerns and troubles. it is a procedure in which persons have the chance to better upon their apprehension of themselves, including their forms of ideas, behaviors, feelings and the ways in which these may hold been debatable in their lives. Counselling is a collaborative attempt as it involves the client and the counselor working together to place ends. Throughout the guidance procedure the client is encouraged, supported and empowered to look at himself/herself from a different position. The purpose is non merely to assist the client header with a current issue of crisis, but to make so in a manner that produces larning for the hereafter, so that the client can experience more in charge of his/her life. ( M.Ravi 2008 ) 3.4.1 Foster Child Counselling Williams ( 1994 ) , Children in Foster attention have frequently suffered maltreatment, disregard or ill-treatment. Trauma will impact kids in different ways, depending on age, household support, developmental degree and basic disposition. The aim of kid guidance ( taken from Children and Trauma ) include: aˆ? The safe release of feeling aˆ? Relief from symptoms and station traumatic behaviours aˆ? Recovery of a sense of command and control in life aˆ? Correction of misconstruing and self blame aˆ? Restoration of a sense of trust in oneself and the hereafter aˆ? Minimizing the cicatrixs of injury aˆ? Development of specific accomplishments or header tools The Therapy is meant to be a procedure to work through injury and assist a kid understand what has happened to him/her. It besides aims to assist a kid map better in the universe around him /her. 3.4.2 Foster Family Counselling ( Fernandez Elizabeth, 2010 ) Therapy does non alter household kineticss. Puting a kid in therapy will assist the kid but will non repair the jobs in the household. Family reding offers a better opportunity at successful household reunion. However, stairss need to be taken to supply aid to the kid and surrogate household who are in demand of reding. Therefore, counselors and healers need to build a relationship based on common trust for the guidance procedure to get down. Harmonizing to Silva ( 1991 ) , to set up curative common trust, there need to be the undermentioned demands: Accurate Empathy: The healer conveys his or her apprehension of the kid s background and experience ; Genuineness: The healer is every bit self-generated, tactful, flexible, and non-defensive as possible ; Handiness: The healer is accessible and available ( within ground ) when needed, and avoids doing promises and committednesss he or she can non realistically maintain ; Respect: This is both gracious and house, and acknowledges the kid s sense of liberty, control, and duty within the curative relationship. Respect is manifested by the healer s general attitude, every bit good as by certain specific actions Concreteness: Therapy should, at least ab initio be goal-oriented and have a problem-solving focal point. Foster parents are into action and consequences, and to the extent that it is clinically realistic, the curative attack should underscore active, problem-solving attacks before undertaking more sensitive and complex psychological issues. Reding Schemes and Techniques Blau ( 1994 ) recommends that the first meeting between the healer and the kid set up a safe and comfy working atmosphere by the healer s articulating: a positive indorsement of the Foster parents determination to seek aid ; a clear description of the healer s duties and restrictions with regard to confidentiality and privilege ; and Blau ( 1994 ) besides delineates a figure of effectual intercession schemes for surrogate kids including the followers: Attentive Listening: This includes good oculus contact, appropriate organic structure linguistic communication, and echt involvement, without inappropriate remark or break. Empathy: This curative attitude conveys handiness, concern, and consciousness of the disruptive emotions being experienced by the traumatised kids. Reassurance: In acute bahvioural state of affairss, this should take the signifier of realistically reassuring the kid that affairs will be taken attention of. Supportive Guidance: This includes effectual hearing, restatement of content, elucidation of feelings, and reassurance. In appropriate instances, this curative scheme can excite the officer to research implicit in emotional emphasiss that intensify a of course nerve-racking traumatic event. In a few instances, this may take to ongoing psychotherapeutics ( Miller, 2006 ) .

A Community Assessment of Rogers Park Essay Example

A Community Assessment of Rogers Park Essay Example A Community Assessment of Rogers Park Paper A Community Assessment of Rogers Park Paper This is a summary of the findings of a community assessment of Rogers Park. The purpose of this assessment is to determine the actual and potential health needs of the community. Conclusions related to real and potential health problems were drawn based on an analysis of the physical environment, and social facilities, communication, educational facilities, shopping facilities, and the local health care facilities of Rogers Park. Data was collected by tour around the neighborhood, personal observations, assessment of local publications, and by an analysis of selected statistical and demographic data. Specific statistical data included age distribution, annual family income by race, highest level of income completed, infant mortality rates, reportable illnesses, and the leading causes of death for the Rogers Park Community. A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF ROGERS PARK. Rogers Park is a small community that is located approximately ten mile north of Chicago’s Loop, at the northeast city limits. The Pottawattomie Indians first ceded the land in 1821. The first white settler to arrive was an Irish immigrant named Phillip Rogers, whom the community in now named after. The development of Rogers Park began with a  glacier that created the ridge that now gives Ridge Avenue its name (Chicago Sun-Times, 2000). The ridge was a raised shelf of land that extended west from the lakeshore. Ridge Road was the only route available at this time that permitted travel north or south through the Roger Park area. Ridge Road provided routes for mail delivery, trade travel, and stagecoach travels (Local Community Fact Book, 1990). The combination of the elevated marshy land, and easy access to textiles and other goods, encouraged Irish, Scottish, German, and English farmers to settle in along Ridge Road to further develop the land. After Phillip Rogers’s death in 1856, a substantial amount of land, 1600 acres, was passed on to his daughter Catherine, and her husband Captain Patrick Touhy. They were responsible for establishing and developing some of the first churches in the area. Captain Touhy collaborated with other settlers and eventually formed the Rogers Park Building and Land Company in 1873. It was also during this time that the Chicago and Northwestern Railroad established their presence in the area. The railroad facilitated easier access and transportation in and out of the community for the local residents. In 1878 Rogers Park was incorporated as a village with the natural boundaries west of Lake Michigan extending to the ridge of Ridge Avenue. When combined with the boundaries of Rogers and Devon Avenues, the area now recognized as Rogers Park became clearly defined. Clark Street, originally known as Green Bay Road, was an important Indian trail. It later served as the main link between Fort Dearborn in Chicago, and Fort Howard in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The early 1900’s were rapidly developing two story family homes in the eastern portion of Rogers Park. It was at this time that annexation to Chicago was greatly  welcomed by the local residents. Also, the residents of Rogers Park demanded that a park district be developed in their community at this time. Today Rogers Park has some thirteen public parks to its credit, as well as six field houses, which provides numerous extracurricular activities for both children and adults throughout the year. POPULATION As the population continued to grow, from a mere 3500 in 1893 to 7500 in 1904, there was yet another major development. The Jesuits purchased a twenty-acre space along Lake Michigan and developed what is recognized today as the Loyola University Campus. The arrival of Loyola University helped to ensure the community’s growth in providing a place for a higher education as well as the opportunity for employment. Through the construction and establishment of the school. Local Irish parishioners, being faithful and loyal, moved near Loyola University to utilize the newly built frame church that was constructed at the same time as the university campus. By the 1930’s Russian Jews were second in number only to the Germans throughout the Rogers Park area. From 1930 to 1950 the Jewish population nearly tripled, and by 1960 they were the largest ethnic group inhabiting the area. In 1950, the population of Rogers Park reached an all time high with over 62,000 residents inhabiting the area. Since that time, the population of Rogers Park has maintained a range between 55,000 and 60,000 (Local Community Fact Book, 1990). EDUCATION The elementary schools consist of classrooms, laboratories, music rooms, library, gym, computer rooms and cafeteria. High school students achieve scores averages for ACT is 22.   4 to 23. 7. The students in the elementary schools scores well on IGAP mathematics and reading skill tests Comparison of Educational Levels (Table 7a, 7b), These tables compare the  distribution of educational levels by race as well as by age between the period of 1980 and 1990 for the community of Rogers Park and the City of Chicago. We can see from the information presented, from 1980 to1990, that there was a 73% increase in the number of persons, 18 and over, who have reached the educational level of a bachelor’s degree. The table also shows that whites have had a 51% decrease in the numbers of those who have attained a bachelor’s degree from 1980 to 1990. Also, the total number of those who have attained their high school diploma within the 25+-year old  age group indicates a drop of 77% from 1980 to 1990. The total number of bachelor’s degrees achieved by the 25+ age group, across the board, including all of the races surveyed, indicates a decrease of 71% from 1980 to 1990. While there is a decrease noted in the white race, there is a definite increase noted in the black race from 1980 to 1990. The black race indicates a 34% increase in those who have graduated from high school, and a 32% increase in those who have obtained a bachelor’s degree. These tables indicate changes in the educational levels of all races within the  community of Rogers Park from the time period contained within the 10 year span. The drop in educational level attained by the white race could signify a shift of the more educated whites out of the neighborhood. The rise in the numbers of blacks, who have attained a higher number with a higher level of education, may signify that with higher education comes higher pay and those included in this category may be capable of better affording the cost of living in the Rogers Park community. The park dist: conducts seminars, and classes about Teen pregnancy, and D. A. R. E. programs.

According to Primo Levi's Survival in Auschwitz, how did Auschwitz Essay

According to Primo Levi's Survival in Auschwitz, how did Auschwitz systematically dehumanize the prisoners - Essay Example Men, women and children were dumped in the concentration camps not for the purpose of reformation and rehabilitation. Their spirits were totally subdued before their bodies were disposed of through heinous procedures. Primo Levi writes, â€Å"Then for the first time we became aware that our language lacks words to express this offence, the demolition of a man. In a moment, with almost prophetic intuition, the reality was revealed to us; we had reached the bottom. It is not possible to sink lower than this; no human condition is more miserable than this, nor could it conceivably be so.†(16) Even the garbage that is being lodged in the dumpers commands some sort of discipline and procedure for disposal. But the human beings in the concentration camps were stripped of all their possessions, their self-respect included. Levi’s only apprehension was what he was going to lose next? Was there anything more for being robbed at all! Dehumanization is the psychological process; o ne’s feelings and emotions are attacked. It is more vicious than the physical violence. In the psychological torture of an individual he is made to feel not worthy, he is the lesser category of a human being. ... SS was the German force who generally handled the affairs of concentration camps. These camps were spread across the occupied Europe and Jews were going to be the main group of prisoners here. As the account of those dark days begins, Levi vividly describes a scene of deportation where before a group of isolated Jews waiting in some station, a notorious transport train came and halted. Levi was one of these unfortunate people, and he writes that the â€Å"goods wagons closed from the outside, with men, women and children pressed together without pity, like cheap merchandise, for a journey towards nothingness, a journey down there, towards the bottom.† (12-13) So what did this bottom mean? Was it a seemingly endless see of grief, wherein the unfortunate Jews were being thrown to explore the so called bottom? To reach this bottom, each and every prisoner was to be transcended through a definite process of systematic torture. This was the avenue of Nazi torture and related contor tion tactics to humiliate the otherwise cultured and generally well-to-do people †¦ Europe’s Jewish people. Nazi concentration camp administrators divided the captured and/or deported Jews in different groups mainly as per their working capabilities. Levi was put in the group of mostly young adult males, who could be used as forced labor under conditions of strict bondage. This bondage extended from mere enslavement to continuous subhuman living. The prisoners were kept on minimal food. They were subjected to terrible cold. They were forced to denude before each other and bath together in a crowded manner. They were to stand in ankle deep ice cold water. Being a forced laborer, Levi was asked to do various sorts of works by the Officers at