Modern Economic Theories Essays - Keynesian Economics, Free Essays

Present day Economic Theories Essays - Keynesian Economics, Free Essays Present day Economic Theories Two disputable monetary strategies are Keynesian financial matters furthermore, Supply Side financial aspects. They speak to inverse sides of the monetary strategy range and were presented at furthest edges of the twentieth century, yet still are the most popular for their consequences for the economy of the United States when they were utilized. The originator of Keynesian monetary hypothesis was John Maynard Keynes. He made numerous incredible achievements during his time and most likely his most noteworthy was what he accomplished for America in its hour of need. During the 1920?s, the U.S. encountered a securities exchange crash of tremendous extents which disabled the economy for quite a long time. Keynes knew that to recuperate as quickly as time permits, the administration needed to mediate also, put a diminishing on charges alongside an expansion in spending. By placing more cash into the economy and permitting more Americans to keep what they earned, the economy before long recouped and by and by got prosperous. Keynes thoughts were radical at that point, and Keynes was known as a communist in mask. Keynes was not a communist, he simply needed to ensure that the individuals had enough cash to contribute what's more, help the economy along. To the extent focusing on limits, Keynesian financial aspects pushed for a ?fair compromise? where yield and costs are conezt, and there is no surplus in gracefully, yet in addition no shortfall. Gracefully Side financial aspects stressed the flexibly of merchandise and enterprises. Flexibly Side financial aspects underpins higher expenses and less government spending to support economy. Sadly, the Supply Side hypothesis was applied in abundance during a period in which it was not totally fundamental. The Supply Side hypothesis, otherwise called Reganomics, was started during the Regan organization. During the 1970?s, the state and nearby governments expanded deals and extract charges. These charges were passed from business to business lastly to the client, bringing about more significant expenses. Alongside raised duties for the center and lower classes, this impact was exacerbated in light of the fact that there was minimal impetus to work if considerably more would have been burdened. Individuals were likewise hesitant to place cash into investment accounts or stocks since the intrigue profits were exceptionally burdened. There was additionally as well much assurance of business by the administration which was wasteful furthermore, this likewise ran up expenses, and one thing the Supply Side hypothesis was very great at was strengthening swelling. The two contrary energies of the Supply Side and Keynes? hypotheses are all around coordinated hypotheses, however it was the hour of utilization that made them great furthermore, awful. Keynes? hypothesis was utilized during that fallout of the Great Wretchedness, a calamity America will always remember and will never be ready to compensate Keynes for the monetary assiezce in recouping from it. The Supply Side hypothesis was utilized after a significant stretch of flourishing, furthermore, in spite of the fact that appearing to proceed with the acts of the past organization, was the reason for a dreadful downturn. The achievement of those or any monetary hypothesis depends on the time at which it is actualized.

Information on the Test for US Citizenship

Data on the Test for US Citizenship Before foreigners to the United States looking for citizenship can make the Vow of U.S. Citizenship and start getting a charge out of the advantages of citizenship, they should breeze through a naturalization assessment managed by the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), some time ago known as the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). The test comprises of two sections: the civics test and the English language test. In these tests, candidates for citizenship are, with specific exceptions for age and physical hindrance, expected to show that they can peruse, compose, and talk words in normal every day utilization in the English language, and that they have a fundamental information and comprehension of American history, government, and custom. The Civics Test For most candidates, the most troublesome piece of the naturalization test is the civics test, which evaluates the candidates information on essential U.S. government and history. In the civics bit of the test, candidates are asked up to 10 inquiries on American government, history and incorporated civics, similar to topography, imagery and occasions. The 10 inquiries are haphazardly chosen from a rundown of 100 inquiries arranged by the USCIS. While there might be more than one worthy response to a significant number of the 100 inquiries, the civics test is certainly not a numerous decision test. The civics test is an oral test, managed during the naturalization application interview.In request to pass the civics segment of the test, candidates should accurately reply in any event six (6) of the 10 arbitrarily chose questions.In October 2008, the USCIS supplanted the old arrangement of 100 civics test addresses utilized since its old INS days, with another arrangement of inquiries trying to improve the level of candidates breezing through the assessment. The English Language Test The English language test has three sections: talking, perusing, and composing. The candidates capacity to communicate in English is assessed by a USCIS official in a one-on-one meeting during which the candidate finishes the Application for Naturalization, Form N-400. During the test, the candidate will be required to comprehend and react to headings and questions spoken by the USCIS official.In the perusing part of the test, the candidate must peruse one out of three sentences effectively so as to pass. In the composing test, the candidate must work one out of three sentences accurately. Passing or Failing and Trying Again Candidates are given two opportunities to take the English and civics tests. Candidates who bomb any piece of the test during their first meeting will be retested on just the piece of the test they flopped inside from 60 to 90 days. While candidates who fall flat the retest are denied naturalization, they hold their status as Lawful Permanent Residents. Should they despite everything wish to seek after U.S. citizenship, they should reapply for naturalization and reimburse all related expenses. The amount Does the Naturalization Process Cost? The current (2016) application expense for U.S. naturalization is $680, including a $85 biometric charge for fingerprinting and recognizable proof administrations. Notwithstanding, candidates 75 years old or more established are not charged the biometric expense, bringing their absolute expense down to $595.â To what extent Does it Take? USCIS reports that as of June 2012, the normal complete preparing time for an application for U.S. naturalization was 4.8 months. In the event that that appears to be quite a while, think about that in 2008, handling times arrived at the midpoint of 10 a year and have been up to 16-year and a half previously. Test Exemptions and Accommodations On account of their age and time as lawful lasting U.S. inhabitants, a few candidates are excluded from the English prerequisite of the test for naturalization and might be permitted to take their preferred civics test in the language. Moreover, seniors who have certain ailments can apply for waivers to the naturalization test. Candidates age 50 or more seasoned when they petitioned for naturalization and have lived as a legitimate changeless inhabitant (green card holder) in the United States for a long time are absolved from the English language requirement.Applicants age 55 or more seasoned when they petitioned for naturalization and have lived as a legal perpetual occupant (green card holder) in the United States for a long time are excluded from the English language requirement.While they might be absolved from the English language necessity, every senior candidate are required to take the civics test ​but might be permitted to take it in their local language. Complete data on exclusions to the naturalization tests can be found on the USCIS Exceptions Accommodations site. What number of Pass? As indicated by the USCIS, in excess of 1,980,000 naturalization tests were managed across the nation from October 1, 2009, through June 30, 2012. USCIS detailed that as of June 2012, the general across the nation pass rate for all candidates taking both the English and civics tests was 92%. In 2008, the USCIS upgraded the naturalization test. The objective of the upgrade was to improve generally speaking pass rates by giving an increasingly uniform and reliable testing experience while viably surveying the candidates information on U.S. history and government.Data from the USCIS report Study on Pass/Fail Rates for Naturalization Applicantsâ indicate that the pass rate for candidates stepping through the new examination is essentially higher than the pass rate for candidates taking the old test.According to the report, the normal yearly pass rate for the general naturalization test has improved from 87.1% in 2004 to 95.8% in 2010. The normal yearly pass rate for the English language test improved from 90.0% in 2004 to 97.0% in 2010, while the finish rate for the civics assessment improved from 94.2% to 97.5%.

Essay Format

Essay FormatAn elegant writing paper is something that makes a lasting impression when used in an academic environment. When you attend a class, whether it's on campus or off, your writing will be judged on how well it flows, how smart and the structure of the sentence. The elegance of your writing will determine the grades.The design of an elegant paper can be seen as an art form in itself. It takes the use of special words and sentences to make the words flow, as well as a good balance of punctuation and sentence structure. These must be carefully chosen to make a statement, while still not leaving them out of the line of thought.In order to create an outstanding paper, the basics of English grammar must be studied. You have to know how to use all the proper words to put together paragraphs of good English. An English class will offer study guides for all the types of words, as well as examples of use. If you are not sure what the proper use of some of these words is, the instructo r will help.While studying, you should also study the art of composition. This will give you an understanding of the whole composition of the essay. By studying the entire composition of the paper, you will be better able to comprehend each part, and therefore more likely to write the best essay possible.Since you are learning the fundamentals of English writing, there are many different ways to create an elegant writing paper. A good idea is to start with an outline, or to just jot down a few ideas. Then in class, you can practice what you have written in front of the mirror, and you can try the style of sentences on paper to see how they would sound on paper.When you have a rough draft, you can then work on editing the paper before sending it to the instructor. This will help you write the best essay possible. Practice makes perfect, so try to do this as often as possible.In both formal and informal settings, you will find that the most people look for an elegant paper. You do not have to break any rules in an informal setting, so do not worry about being offensive to anyone. You just need to make sure that your paper flows, and that it contains a certain amount of intelligibility.If you're teaching a class on business or presentation papers, you will probably want to use an informal style. It is up to you to find the right level of informal for the situation. The better your English writing skills, the better your etiquette will become. Use your experience and talents to write an elegant writing paper.

An In-Depth Guide to Yeats The Second Coming

William Butler Yeats wrote â€Å"The Second Coming† in 1919, soon after the end of World War I, known at the time as â€Å"The Great War† because it was the biggest war yet fought and â€Å"The War to End All Wars† because it was so horrific that its participants dearly hoped it would be the last war. It was also not long since the Easter Rising in Ireland, a rebellion that was brutally suppressed that was the topic of Yeats’ earlier poem Easter 1916, and the Russian Revolution of 1917, which overthrew the long rule of the czars and was accompanied by its full share of lingering chaos. It’s no wonder the poet’s words convey his sense that the world he knew was coming to an end. â€Å"The Second Coming,† of course, refers to the Christian prophecy in the Bible’s Book of Revelation that Jesus will return to reign over Earth in the end times. But Yeats had his own mystical view of the history and future end of the world, embodied in his image of the â€Å"gyres,† cone-shaped spirals that intersect so that each gyre’s narrowest point is contained inside the widest part of the other. The gyres represent different elemental forces in historical cycles or different strains in the development of an individual human psyche, each beginning in the purity of a concentrated point and dissipating/degenerating into chaos (or vice versa) -- and his poem describes an apocalypse very different from the Christian vision of the end of the world. The Second Coming To better discuss the piece on hand, lets refresh ourselves by rereading this classic piece: Turning and turning in the widening gyreThe falcon cannot hear the falconer;Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold;Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world,The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhereThe ceremony of innocence is drowned;The best lack all conviction, while the worstAre full of passionate intensity.Surely some revelation is at hand;Surely the Second Coming is at hand.The Second Coming! Hardly are those words outWhen a vast image out of  Spiritus MundiTroubles my sight: somewhere in sands of the desertA shape with lion body and the head of a man,A gaze blank and pitiless as the sun,Is moving its slow thighs, while all about itReel shadows of the indignant desert birds.The darkness drops again; but now I knowThat twenty centuries of stony sleepWere vexed to nightmare by a rocking cradle,And what rough beast, its hour come round at last,Slouches towards Bethlehem to be born? Notes on Form The underlying metric pattern of â€Å"The Second Coming† is iambic pentameter, that mainstay of English poetry from Shakespeare onward, in which each line is made up of five iambic feet — da DUM / da DUM / da DUM / da DUM / da DUM. But this fundamental meter is not immediately evident in Yeats’ poem because the first line of each section — its difficult to call them stanzas because there are only two and they are nowhere near the same length or pattern — begins with an emphatic trochee and then moves into a very irregular, but nonetheless incantatory rhythm of mostly iambs: TURN ing / and TURN / ing in / the WIDE / ning GYRESURE ly / some RE / ve LA / tion IS / at HAND The poem is sprinkled with variant feet, many of them like the third foot in the first line above, pyrrhic (or unstressed) feet, that enhance and emphasize the stresses that follow them. And the last line repeats the strange pattern of the first lines of the section, beginning with a bang, the trochee, followed by the tripping of unstressed syllables as the second foot is turned around into an iamb: SLOU ches / toward BETH / le HEM / to be / BORN There are no end-rhymes, not many rhymes at all, in fact, though there are many echoes and repetitions: Turning and turning...The falcon ... the falconerSurely ... at handSurely the Second Coming ... at handThe Second Coming! Altogether, the effect of all this irregularity of form and emphasis combined with the incantatory repetitions creates the impression that â€Å"The Second Coming† is not so much a made thing, a written poem, as it is a recorded hallucination, a dream captured. Notes on Content The first stanza of â€Å"The Second Coming† is a powerful description of an apocalypse, opening with the indelible image of the falcon circling ever higher, in ever-widening spirals, so far that â€Å"The falcon cannot hear the falconer.† The centrifugal impetus described by those circles in the air tends to chaos and disintegration — â€Å"Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold † — and more than chaos and disintegration, to war — â€Å"The blood-dimmed tide† — to fundamental doubt — â€Å"The best lack all conviction† — and to the rule of misguided evil — The worst / Are full of passionate intensity.† The centrifugal impetus of those widening circles in the air, however, is no parallel to the Big Bang theory of the universe, in which everything speeding away from everything else finally dissipates into nothingness. In Yeats’ mystical/philosophical theory of the world, in the scheme he outlined in his book A Vision, the gyres are intersecting cones, one widening out while the other focuses into a single point. History is not a one-way trip into chaos, and the passage between the gyres not the end of the world altogether, but a transition to a new world —  or to another dimension. The second section of the poem offers a glimpse into the nature of that next, new world: It is a sphinx — â€Å"a vast image out of Spiritus Mundi... / A shape with lion body and the head of a man† — therefore it is not only a myth combining elements of our known world in new and unknown ways, but also a fundamental mystery, and fundamentally alien — â€Å"A gaze blank and pitiless as the sun.† It does not answer the questions posed by the outgoing domain — therefore the desert birds disturbed by its rising, representing the inhabitants of the existing world, the emblems of the old paradigm, are â€Å"indignant.† It poses its own new questions, and so Yeats must end his poem with the mystery, his question: â€Å"what rough beast, its hour come round at last, / Slouches towards Bethlehem to be born?† It has been said that the essence of great poems is their mystery, and that is certainly true of â€Å"The Second Coming.† It is a mystery, it describes a mystery, it offers distinct and resonant images, but it also opens itself to infinite layers of interpretation. Commentary and Quotations â€Å"The Second Coming† has resonated in cultures all over the world since its first publication, and many writers have alluded to it in their own work. A wonderful visual demonstration of this fact is online at Fu Jen University:  a rebus of the poem with its words represented by the covers of the many books that quote them in their titles.

The Role Of Nature And Nurture Affect Development Of A...

Life Span Development From the time of conception to the time of death, we are constantly developing and changing. Although some of the changes are as a result of personal adoptions and incidences, most changes experienced are as a result of our shared biological and mental heritage as humans and are shared by all individuals in the globe. A lot of studies have been dedicated to the study of human growth and development. In the book, Lifespan development, various concepts have been discussed in the first nine chapters. These include, the theories in the study of human development, the question of whether nature and nurture affect the development of a child, conception, pre-birth and birth, infancy, early childhood and middle childhood. Theories in the Study of Human Development Human development has been explained using theories such as the classical and the contemporary theories. Contemporary theories include the sociocultural perspective and the ecological perspective. Sociocultural perspective studies the relationship of a person with others relative to their culture while the ecological perspective aims to not limit itself to an individual’s immediate relations. Classical theories include the learning theory, psychoanalytic theory and the cognitive development theory. The cognitive development theory explains the development of an individual’s esteem and self-view based on the development stages of a person. The stages are categorized into sensorimotor stage (fromShow MoreRelatedDoes Genetics And Personal Experiences Affect The Ability Of Express Emotion?2939 Words   |  12 Pages Question: To what extent does genetics and personal experiences affect the ability to express emotion? By; Getahun Seyoum Psychology Springbrook April 2015 Jones 3469 words Abstract For centuries psychologists and scientists have debated whether there was a nurture versus nature aspect in how humans developed their ability to express emotion. A person’s capability to express emotion is thought to developRead MoreEssay Mind and Body2624 Words   |  11 Pagesreaction in response to external events. According to his proposal, external motions affect the peripheral ends of the nerve fibrils, which in turn displace the central ends. As the central ends are displaced, the pattern of interfibrillar space is rearranged and the flow of animal spirits is thereby directed into the appropriate nerves. This is the reason he has been credited with the founding of the reflex theory. Descarte was the first to talk about mind/body interactions, and thus had a greatRead MoreAlfred Adler And His Theory Of Individual Psychology2941 Words   |  12 Pages Alfred Adler and his theory of Individual Psychology Ann Bayron-Freay American Military University History Systems of Psychology Julia Williams June 19, 2015 Introduction The discipline of psychology has made tremendous progress since the days of Freud and Adler. While much progress has been made in the practice of psychotherapy, most of the practices still resonate with the views of the pioneers and are often improvements of these early theorists. The concept of views the patient asRead MoreBiological Explanations for Anorexia Nervosa Psychology2938 Words   |  12 Pagesserotonin system. Serotonin is also part of the neurotransmitter system of the hypothalamus that controls feeding behaviour. This neurotransmitter system of the hypothalamus is implicated in the cause of eating disorders. There is research supporting the role of serotonin in anorexia which was undertaken by Bailer et al 2007. Serotonin activity was compared in women recovering from restricting type anorexia amp; binge eating/ purging type with healthy controls. They found significantly higher serotoninRead MoreThe Explanation of Vygotsky and Piaget’s Theories Essay2257 Words   |  10 Pagesduring their lifetimes and deaths. 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These are some of the questions we will explore: †¢ Do children develop in distinct stages, or is their development smoother and more continuous? †¢ How do children develop physically, and how does this affect their behaviour and learningRead MoreThe Role of Gender in Consumer Behavior4442 Words   |  18 PagesThe Role of Gender in Consumer Behavior Needs, wants, motives, values and actions are all critical components of the human experience. Who we are is very much a combination of our experiences and our genetic code. In this context, understanding the role of gender role in society is extremely important when looking at how people perceive and react to various stimuli. This paper reviews how males and females differ biologically, psychologically and culturally, and how these factors can influenceRead MoreBlack Naturalism and Toni Morrison: the Journey Away from Self-Love in the Bluest Eye8144 Words   |  33 PagesAlthough my students were unaware of it, in a sense what they were questioning from the standpoint of literary criticism is not only the theory of postmodernism with its emphasis on race, class and gender, but the theory of naturalism as well: the idea that one s social and physical environments can drastically affect one s nature and potential for surviving and succeeding in this world. In this article, I will exp lore Toni Morrison s The Bluest Eye from a naturalistic perspective; however, while

Essay on Frida Kahlo A Life In Pain - 1175 Words

Frida Kahlo: A Life in Pain â€Å"They thought I was a Surrealist, but I wasn’t. I never painted dreams. I painted my reality,† said Frida Kahlo describing her art work (Frida Kahlo n.d.). Kahlo was a Mexican artist from the mid-20th century. She was born on July 6, 1907 in Coyoacan, Mexico, and the daughter of German and Mexican descendants (Lucie-Smith 1999). During her lifetime Kahlo embarked on many hardships caused by illness, heartache, and love. She became known for her haunting self portraits, radical politics, and that infamous unibrow (Stephen 2008). The turmoil began early for this young woman. At age six, she was stricken with polio, which left her walking with a limp. From the beginning Kahlo did not intend to become an artist.†¦show more content†¦One in which a street car knocked me down†¦ the other accident is Diego† (Frida Kahlo n.d.). Rivera was a very charismatic guy standing at above six feet tall and between two hundred and three hundred pounds. Unfortunately he wasn’t the best looking man out there. Kahlo is said to have called him ‘frog.’ His looks didn’t hold him back from being a womanizer. There was something about his aura that attracted women. People considered their marriage â€Å"between an elephant and a dove.† Kahlo understood that painting was Rivera’s prime element. For a while she stopped painting and focused her time to Rivera to show that all her attention was on him. She became a bit obsessed. In her diary Kahlo wrote: â€Å"Diego, nothing compares to your hands nothing like the green-gold of your eyes. My body is filled with you for days and days. You are the mirror of the night. The violent flash of lightning. The dampness of the earth. The hallow of your armpits is my shelter. My fingertips touch your blood. All my joy is to feel life spring from your flower-fountain that mines keeps to fill all the paths of my nerves which are yours (Kahlo 2001).† Through their marriage there was constant infidelity from his part including an affair with Kahlo’s sister, Christina. Kahlo retracted by doing the same sometimes with other women. Her love life was her biggest inspiration. Kahlo painted the only subject she knew, herself (StephenShow MoreRelatedLove as a Major Muse: Analyzing Frida Kahlos Relationship With Diego Rivera1054 Words   |  4 PagesFrida Kahlo is quoted as saying, I suffered two grave accidents in my life. One in which a streetcar knocked me down. The other accident is Diego, (cited by Botis 1). The love relationship between Frida Kahlo and Diego Rivera is one of the most famous in modern art. Their relationship was tumultuous, which seemed to be a good recipe for creativity and artistic self-expression. It is a well-known fact that they had a passionate and stormy relationship, filled with great love and also betrayalsRead MoreFrida Kalho: One of the Best Essay1197 Words   |  5 Pagesimpacted society. Frida K ahlo was one of those artists. Till this day, Kahlo is revered as one of the best. Magdalena Carmen Frieda Kahlo y Calderà ³n was born July 6th, 1907 in Coyoacà ¡n, Mexico, which was located on the outskirts of Mexico City. Frida was the 3rd daughter born out of 4 children. Her father was born in Pforzheim, Germany. He was the son of the painter and had a major influence on Frida’s artistic ability. Frida was close to her father for most of her life. Kahlo alleged that herRead MoreKahlo Y Calderon : Frida Kahlo1100 Words   |  5 PagesMagdalena Carmen Frida Kahlo y Calderon also known as Frida Kahlo was born on July 6, 1907 in Coyocoan Mexico in her family home known as La Casa Azul (The Blue House) later referred to in many of her paintings. Her parents were Guillermo Kahlo and Matilde Calderon y Gonzalez. Frida was the middle child out of four children, once remarked that she grew up in a world surrounded by females (Kahlo Biography). Throughout most of her life, however, Frida remained close to her father. At the age of sixRead MoreFrida Kahlo : A And Man Like Tendencies1230 Words   |  5 PagesFrida Kahlo is a very interesting person whom has been through a lot in her short life. Though there is so much to say about the past of Frida Kahlo from her ghastly affair’s and man like tendencies. Magdalena Carmen Frida Kahlo was born on July 6, 1907 and lived in a house that her father built in Mexico City (Tuchman). Kahlo was a hard working woman but who had a horrible temper. When Kahlo was engaged with Rivera at the age of twenty-one, her father even gave a warning to Rivera. That Frida wasRead MoreCuriosity Project : Frida Kahlo1518 Words   |  7 PagesCuriosity Project Art 300, Mon 1PM 11/30/2015 Frida Kahlo Tragedy, a crippling experience many people endure in life, yet some give up and the courageous few fight back. Frida Kahlo exemplifies the strength required to express oneself openly and boldly, sharing her painful life through paintings. Kahlo is one of the most famous female painters from Mexico and is known for her mutilating, heartbreaking and courageous self-portraits of her life. Through her various paintings and self portraitsRead MoreFrida Kahlo : The Inner Workings1367 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Æ' Frida Kahlo: The Inner Workings Frida Kahlo was an artist who saw things in a new light, but most of all she shows us her life through her artwork. She shows us the pain she feels, or how she may feel lonely in very few words. Frida Kahlo lived and died in the same place, in the â€Å"Blue House† at 247 Londres Street in Coyoacà ¡n. Her life was centered on this home, even though she did not live there her entire life she always ended up returning to the place where it all began. Frida Kahlo wasRead MoreFrida Kahlo : The Only Thing I Know1375 Words   |  6 Pagespasses through my head without any other consideration. – Frida Kahlo Frida Kahlo is a very fascinating individual who has been through a lot in her short life. Though there is so much to say about the past of Frida Kahlo from her ghastly affair’s and man like tendencies, she was a very interesting women who was defiant and resilient in her own way. Even though in the Mexican heritage, women are looked down upon from the male prospective, Frida was way before her time. So much so that she is now usedRead MoreSelf Portrait With Monkey By Frida Kahlo1740 Words   |  7 PagesSelf-Portrait with Monkey: By Frida Kahlo Self-Portrait with Monkey made in the year of 1938 by Frida kahlo a Mexican artist who was influence by the traumatizing events that occurred during her early life. Which were physically and psychologically tragic. Frida Kahlo used her personal tragedies to create art. She painted herself because it was what she knew best. Kahlo’s Self-Portrait with Monkey, was made to show a living and soulful being holding her by having his arm around her neck as a formRead MoreFrida Kahlo And The Lady With The Unibrow1188 Words   |  5 PagesFrida Kahlo People may refer to Frida Kahlo as the lady with the unibrow, but others refer to her as one the greatest Mexican painters. She was born on July 6, 1907 in Coyocoan Mexico. 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Cambridge Companion To Virtue Ethics Press -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Cambridge Companion To Virtue Ethics Press? Answer: Introduction The report focuses on whether or not ASX companies need to pay no more than 20 times the average salary of employees. In the modern world, this is an important aspect of the business organisations as in the public organisations, the remuneration paid to the executives have been met with many criticisms (Crane Matten, 2016). The compensation provided all the employee benefits that are required for the satisfaction of the employees and ensure a healthy working atmosphere. However, it is to be kept in mind that the finances of a company are high in order to provide sufficient compensation benefits. Certain Government laws also exist that encourages in the payment of compensation to the employees as per the work was done by them. The essay takes into account the need of the ASX companies in providing compensations that are higher than the average salary. According to Trevino Nelson (2016), the companies need to keep in mind that employee satisfaction at the cost of financial stability may hamper the growth of the organisations in future. In order to conduct the report in a successful manner, the example of Amcor Limited is considered. Amcor Limited is a multinational packing company situated in Australia. It is a public company that aids in flexible as well as rigid packaging for food companies, beverage and tobacco companies. The aim of the company is to protect food items, beverage and pharmaceuticals from any type of contagious diseases. The company is located in Melbourne and was established in 1986. The headquarters of the company is located in Zurich, big due to the fact that it is registered with the Australian Security Exchange (ASX), the company conducts its operations from Australia. Over the years the company have grown and have managed to earn revenue of $9.1 billion in the year 2016. The company owns over 35,000 employees (Amcor.com, 2017). Based on the analysis of the company, it can be said that the increased compensation of the employees can hinder the progress of Amcor. This is because the financial position of the company can be compromised given the increased rate of compensation of the employees. In this regard, a certain analysis is made that form an integral part of the analysis of business ethics. The analysis is done in the Utilitarian approach, Kantian approach and the virtue ethics that are involved in understanding business ethics. Theoretical implication and extension of the concepts in terms of use in Amcor are also analysed. Utilitarian analysis Weiss (2014) stated that Utilitarianism determines the right approach from the wrong approach. It is an essential ethical theory that focuses on the outcomes in the form of consequentialism. Utilitarianism contributes to the analysis that results in determining the outcomes of an action. The implications of such outcomes are also important in order to provide benefits for people. According to Hoffman, Frederick Schwartz (2014), utilitarianism considers the ethical choices that produce the greatest results for the betterment of the people. It is a common aspect to use modern reasoning in the field of decision-making and providing benefits to the employees. Hence, a clear distinction is made that determines the good from the bad. A pragmatic approach is followed in order to avoid performing acts based on principles. Despite this, it can be said that due to the unpredictable future, it is difficult to understand whether the actions taken can cause any good consequence. DesJardins McCall (2014) criticised the concept stating that utilitarianism fails to provide values such as justice and individual rights. For example, using the service of an experienced person at a time when the mass people without experience can be considered as the greatest good during the time. However, actions taken during such instances are considered as unacceptable as well as unethical. Chell et al., (2016) observed that the utilitarianism have two major consequences that are essential for evaluation. The first consequence includes taking decisions that are normally deemed to be illegal. The actions taken in an instant manner may cause temporary solve of a problem. However, it can have a bad influence in the future as the consequence can lead to the hampering of the situation. The second consequence is the non-fulfilment of goals or objectives (Oakley Cocking, 2011). This can also be considered as a loss for any company or people as the taking an ethical decision at the ti me of crisis can also have a negative consequence. Hence, it can be said that utilitarianism has certain limitations in determining the right and wrong approach based on the reasoning of the people. Hartman, DesJardins MacDonald (2014) observed that utilitarianism tends to offer an easier method to determine the course of an action. The right approach, decision and choice are determined based on the actions that are performed by an individual. In order to understand the current choice of action, it is necessary to analyse every possible choice of actions that are required. One of the challenging tasks that are faced in the modern era is to determine the maximum benefit that can be received while evaluating the quantity and quality of the benefit. Apart from these, the consequences that may arise while determining a current course of action can be considered as a challenging factor in the modern era. Barry (2016) stated that despite a current approach taken by individuals while applying the concept it can have certain problems. These problems arise due to them as the concept requires assigning values for benefits and costs. These require being calculated in an abstract manner in order to determine the results of the choice of actions. Another problem is the fact that during the time of justice based on moral decisions, individuals cannot apply the concept of utilitarianism. Hence, in this regard, it can be said that utilitarianism considers the policies, decisions and actions that are taken in order to determine the right course of action. In a company such as Amcor, the application of the concept is required in order to determine the worth of the increased compensation. In the modern era, the concept has been described as putting the need of self before that of others (Donaldson Dunfee, 2014). It has also been pointed out that the use of Kantian theory can help in determining the right choice of ethical action that is required in the modern world. Kantian analysis Kantian ethics can also be considered as the ethical theory dealing with the deontological approach. It provides the fact that an action can be considered good if the willingness to perform the action is for the greater good (Bowie, 2012). This can be applied in organisational context as well since most companies owe certain duties to the customers. An ethical law can be established from the concept of performing a duty. It has been argued that the feelings of people engaged in the goodwill of others can be considered as a proper good deed. Deeds that align itself with self-centric approach cannot be considered as a proper means to help build ethical awareness among people. Beauchamp, Bowie Arnold (2014) stated that the unethical force to the individuals cannot be considered as an ethical approach because it can be considered as unauthorised agreement. The ethical duties arise due to the failure to fulfil certain works that needed to be done in an ethical manner. In this regard, two perspective or approaches can be considered in order to determine the application of the Kantian analysis. Reynolds Bowie (2014) observed that the characteristics of the ethical programs are based on the hypothetical imperative and categorical imperative. These two provide an overview of the manner in which the perspective of individuals can be taken into consideration. The hypothetical imperative defines the fact that individuals are sometimes asked to perform tasks by providing proper encouragement. Individuals take up social activities or any activity assigned at the workplace and complete it any manner (Bowie, 2010). The encouragement received by the individuals can be either in the form of self-satisfaction or from the interest of the people. On the other hand, the categorical imperative is when individuals are forced to perform tasks. These approaches can be differentiated in a manner in which the responses of the individuals take place. Hence, Baron Baron (2013) observed that individuals need to act upon certain rules that produce no consequences and are accepted in a universal manner. The imperatives are based on the reasons that are applicable in the ethical context rather than based on the contingent facts about the individuals. The biggest differences between the hypothetical as well as the classical imperative are the obligation and the binding of the individuals based on the duties and the ethical considerations that are undertaken by the individuals. Goodpaster (2013) opined that the actions of an individual need to be based on the communication that exists between two or more individuals. The interests and intentions of the individuals need to be discussed in order to determine any ethical consequences that may exist in the lives of the people. Based on the influences of the Kantian theory, other theories have come up that highlight the ethics of an individual. These theorists have been able to redefine the concept and ensured that the Kantian theory forms the base and highlight of the theories (Henschke, 2017). However, there have been criticisms regarding the application of Kantian theory in the modern world. One of the criticisms is the fact that the theory provides no or less information about the actions of the people. This is mainly because of the fact that the theory is based on the principle of non-contradiction. The theory lacked the proper content required for the construction of principle morality. Jarvis (2017) further added the fact that the ethics need to be followed based on the explanation and interpretation of the things that are required to be done by an individual. However, Kantian theory presents the ideas of what is required to be done in order to maintain proper ethical consent in the society. Hence, the application of Kantian theory can also be justified in Amcor in order to understand the requirement of the employees. Virtue ethics analysis According to Spiegel (2017), virtue ethics is based upon the approaches that focus on the development of characters among an individual and motivates them in order to maintain the ethical considerations. Virtue ethics can be related to the moral philosophies and principles that do not hold any guidelines or rules in terms of ethical considerations. It is important for an individual to find a proper balance in order to make ethical decisions. The agents involved in practising virtue ethics does not engage in any rules that require individuals to carry out ethical decisions. Virtue ethics is considered as one of the modern and major approaches in the normative ethics. The self-interest of the people is a major benefit in terms of achieving the goals set for maintaining the ethical considerations. Businesses can also use the approach in order to earn maximum profits. Van Hooft (2014) identifies this ethical approach as a manner in which moral character of an individual can be developed. The manner in which individuals opting virtue ethics perceives the world is different from those that are observed by followers of other ethical contexts. It has been established that utilitarianism approach points to the facts that the consequences of emphasising on moral duties and rights can help in maximising the well-being among an individual. The followers of Kantian approach have a different view stating that moral rights and duties will be conducted based on the moral rules that are developed. The followers of virtue ethics will counter these statements stating that the moral ethics and duties need to be considered as charitable events and the benevolence of it is required in order to attend virtue (Elliot, 2016). Virtue ethics defines concepts that are more fundamental in the society. Most often virtues are observed from a point of view of the characteristic of an individual. The behaviour of the individuals in the society, as well as the actions performed by the people, determine the virtue ethics of the individuals (Russell, 2013). The application of virtue ethics assimilate in society can be done by formulating two types of approaches. These include the action approach and agent-based approach. The action-based approach focuses more on the guidelines that need to be followed in order to maintain ethnic context. The agent-based approach is mainly about achieving the personal goals set by the individuals in terms of maintaining ethics in the society. Bright, Winn Kanov (2014) stated that virtue can be used in two meanings that define the actions corresponding to the quality of character and disposition. It defines the necessary things that need to be done in order to understand and perform one or more universal duties that are required for maintaining ethical considerations. Thus, it can be said that virtue ethics form an essential part of the ethical theories that define the moral duties of individuals. The three theories that have been conceptualised above can be applied in organisational contexts (Fernando Moore, 2015). In the case of Amcor, the ethical theories can be used in order to ensure that the company can manage the compensation that it provides to the employees. The following point analysis the extension of the theories in the organisational context in order to provide a clear idea about the application of the concepts. Theory extension Based on the analysis of the theories, it can be said that Amcor Limited need to apply ethics in the organisation based on the philosophies stated in the theories. This can help the company as well as the employees to develop self-consciousness about the ways by which they need to maintain the decorum of the organisation. The focus of the study is to understand whether or not compensation should be more than the fixed salary of an employee. Hence, the theoretical implications can help managers as well as employees to understand the pros and cons of providing more compensation. Application of Utilitarianism: As stated by Hursthouse (2016), utilitarianism helps people to understand the rights from the wrong. The determination of the actions is identified after the analysis of outcomes. Hence, ethical choices need to be considered in order to improve the actions of the people. In this regard, it can be said that Amcor Limited need to ensure that unethical means are not adopted by the company in terms of maintaining the finances of the organisation. The goals and objectives of the organisation need to be maintained in order to keep the employees satisfied. The fact that the employees are drawing a high compensation needs to reflect in the work that is being performed. Solomon (2017) observed that the employees need to ensure that the benefits that are being provided to them are not beyond the compensation practice of the organisation. The consequences that may bring due to the increased compensation need to be communicated with the stakeholders. It may be diff icult for the company to involve the stakeholders in order to ensure that the consequences of increased benefits are helping the company. Hence, based on this theory, it can be said that the increase of 20 times the averse salary is not applicable in a company like Amcor. Application of Kantian theory: The application of Kantian theory, needs to be based on the fact that the employees can be categorised based on the imperatives that are associated with the theory. In the context of Amcor, the hypothetical imperative needs to encourage and motivate the employees in terms of performing the work. Based on the work performed by the employees the compensations can be provided (Hursthouse, 2017). On the other hand, the application of categorical imperative can force the employees to behave as professionals and carry out the objectives of the organisation. Despite the application of either of the imperatives, the fact that the compensation is more than the average salary is not justified (Koehn, 2015). This is because the average salary of the employees is the basic amount that is needed to be paid to the employees. However, the compensations are provided after completing a certain period in the organisation and based on the position of the employees. Hence, the increased level of compensation cannot justify the salary of the employees. The ethical consent in this context needs to come from the fact that the employees need to work hard in order to earn a minimum compensation from the managers (Annas, 2017). Application of virtue ethics theory: According to Trianosky (2010), virtue ethics refer to the ways by which character of an individual is developed. Based on the behaviours and attitudes of the employees, Amcor can generate compensation. The rules and regulations of the company need to provide the morality at which the managers treat the employees. However, the fact that ethical considerations are considered as donations can be a huge factor in the application of this ethical theory. Nevertheless, Annas (2017) observed that the behaviour and actions of the employees can result in the earning of compensation. This can be a motivational factor as the employees can gain the benefits that are useful for motivating them and enhancing the quality of work performed by them. According to Hursthouse (2016), virtue ethics judge people based on the behaviours and ideas provided by the people. However, the employees of Amcor are not judged based on the factors that are needed for gaining compen sation. Hence, the excess amounts of compensation provided by the managers can herm the financial status of Amcor. Suggestions regarding the ways to improve the current situation or reduce the compensation amount can be provided in order to avoid the excess of finance in the company. Conclusion In order to improve the reputation of the organisation and ensure that the ethics are maintained it is necessary for the mangers of Amcor to ensure that the compensation level of the company is reduced. This is required in order to maintain the financial level of the organisation. The application of the theoretical concept developed by Kant can be used in this case. The employees need to be encouraged to work properly in order to attain the goals and objectives of the organisation. The fact that the compensation level is higher than the salary is motivation enough to perform work in an effective manner. Apart from this, it is also needed that the employees manage to comply with the reduced compensation in an organisation. This can be considered as the application of virtue ethics theory in the organisation. The fact that this theory idealises the idea of self-awareness can be used to convince the employees about the necessity of reducing compensation. Thus, it can be concluded that in order to conduct a successful business it is necessary that companies manage to maintain the necessary ethics required for successful completion. In this regard, the application of ethical concepts and theories are important in order to implement the theories in a successful manner. 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